Taxation

Portugal is one of the most dangerous countries in the EU for foreign retirees

Portugal's regime for foreign pensioners, allowing a personal income tax (PIT) rate of 10 %, is one of the most damaging to tax competition in the European Union (EU), reveals a European study published today.

Portugal is one of the most dangerous EU countries for foreign retirees

Portugal is one of the most dangerous EU countries for foreign retirees

This conclusion comes fromEuropean Union Tax Observatory (UE), un organisme indépendant sur la fiscalité de l’UE qui, dans un rapport publié aujourd’hui, indique que « la tendance la plus marquante de la concurrence fiscale européenne est l’augmentation du nombre de régimes d’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques visant les personnes étrangères », qui sont passés de cinq en 1995 à 28 aujourd’hui.

A provisional classification suggests that the most damaging are the Italian and Greek high-net-worth individual schemes, the Cypriot high-income scheme and the pension schemes of Cyprus, Greece and Portugal, says the European Tax Observatory.

More specifically, according to the structure, these schemes are of long duration, offer substantial tax advantages and are only aimed at very high-income earners or do not result in any real economic activity in the Member State.

In total, these preferential schemes now apply to more than 200,000 beneficiaries in the EU, estimates the independent body, which speaks of a total tax cost to the European Union of 4.5 billion euros a year.

« Cette somme est équivalente au budget du programme Erasmus » compare l’Observatoire fiscal de l’UE dans son rapport.

In the case of Portugal, the non-habitual resident (RNH) scheme was created in 2009 and applies to high value-added workers, but also to retirees receiving pensions from abroad, including Portuguese nationals who have worked abroad and are returning to Portugal to retire.

Modified in 2012 and again in 2020, the RNH provides for the application of an IRS rate of 10 % on foreign pension income, according to the most recent amendment.

Non-usual resident status also gives workers in professions considered as high value-added the opportunity to benefit from a special IRS rate of 20%. Each non-habitual resident can benefit from this tax regime for a maximum period of 10 years.

Dans son rapport publié aujourd’hui, l’Observatoire européen de la fiscalité note que « la concurrence fiscale prend de plus en plus la forme de régimes fiscaux préférentiels ou étroitement ciblés, en plus des réductions générales des taux » au niveau de l’UE.

Pour inverser ces tendances, le cadre suggère de réformer le code de conduite européen « pour en faire un instrument contraignant, et d’étendre son mandat à l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques ainsi qu’aux régimes non préférentiels d’imposition des sociétés qui conduisent à des niveaux d’imposition généralement faibles des multinationales ».

En outre, « en l’absence d’une approche coordonnée – ce qui est toujours la solution idéale – les États membres pourraient envisager une imposition unilatérale de leurs expatriés, ce qui, dans certaines conditions, pourrait atténuer les effets des régimes préférentiels d’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques », suggère-t-il encore.

In our view, the aim of this report is to encourage EU countries that don't offer tax advantages for working people or retirees to introduce a floor tax. A bit like what the USA does to its citizens, who for the record pay their income tax in the USA, regardless of their country of residence.

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